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美國性侵兒童犯護照 將加註前科警示

發稿時間:2017/11/03 21:00

最新更新:2017/11/03 21:00

 

(中央社華盛頓2日綜合外電報導)美國登記在案的性侵兒童犯,未來出國時,須使用註記以往犯罪紀錄的護照。
美聯社報導,美國國務院1日表示,將開始註銷登記在案的性侵兒童犯護照,並要求他們申請一本標示前科的新護照。
首次申請護照者也會收到標記前科的護照,這個標示將印在護照封底內面,內容為,「持有人曾性侵未成年人,依美國法律為性犯罪者」。
國務院在travel.state.gov網站上發布聲明表示,將不會向登記在案的性侵兒童者核發護照卡這種較小的旅行證件,因為護照卡沒有足夠空間印上警示。
這項新措施是為落實去年的「國際梅根法(International Megans Law)」,這項法令旨在遏止剝削兒童和兒童性觀光產業,但遭公民自由倡議者批評過於籠統,且只針對一種罪犯。
1994年紐澤西州一名7歲女童梅根·堪卡(Megan Kanka)遭一名具性侵兒童前科的罪犯殺害,梅根法因此誕生。
這個案件引發廣大關注,若干州因此設立性罪犯登記處。政府機構1日通知國會,新護照規定已經生效。(譯者:中央社鍾佑貞)1061103

http://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/201711030361-1.aspx

Summary: H.R.515 — 114th Congress (2015-2016)All Information (Except Text)

 
Bill summaries are authored by CRS.

Shown Here:
Public Law No: 114-119 (02/08/2016)

(This measure has not been amended since it was passed by the Senate on December 17, 2015. The summary of that version is repeated here.)

International Megan's Law to Prevent Child Exploitation and Other Sexual Crimes Through Advanced Notification of Traveling Sex Offenders

(Sec. 4) This bill directs the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to establish the Angel Watch Center within the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The center must identify outbound sex offender travelers who failed to provide advanced notice of international travel and provide a list of such individuals to the Marshals Service (USMS) to investigate.

The center may receive notifications of inbound sex offender travel. It must share information with the Department of Justice (DOJ) and other government agencies.

The center may also transmit advance notice of sex offender travel to a destination country. It must comply with certain procedures, collect specified data, and establish a process to receive, review, and respond to individual complaints of erroneous notifications.

(Sec. 5) The USMS may receive and transmit notification of international travel by sex offenders. It may also share information about sex offender travel with other government agencies.

This bill requires the USMS to ensure consistent advance notification to destination countries of international travel by registered sex offenders.

The USMS must share certain information with the center, including a list of individuals who provided advanced notice of international travel, a determination of compliance with sex offender registration requirements, and sex offender travel information. It must also establish a process to receive, review, and respond to individual complaints of erroneous notifications.

DOJ must collect specified data related to transmitted notifications.

(Sec. 6) The bill amends the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) to require a registered sex offender to also report information on intended international travel for inclusion in the sex offender registry.

It amends the federal criminal code to make it a crime for a sex offender to knowingly fail to provide such information. A violation is subject to a fine, up to 10 years in prison, or both.

(Sec. 7) It expresses the sense of Congress that the Department of State should negotiate reciprocal international agreements to further the purposes of this Act and SORNA.

(Sec. 8) This bill amends the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 to prohibit the State Department from issuing a passport to a sex offender, unless the passport contains a unique identifier. A "unique identifier" is any visual sex offender designation that is conspicuously affixed to a passport.

(Sec. 9) DHS, DOJ, and the State Department must develop and report jointly to Congress on a process to implement the unique identifier requirement on sex offender passports.

(Sec. 10) The State Department may provide technical assistance to foreign authorities to facilitate effective participation in the notification program established by this Act.

(Sec. 11) The bill authorizes appropriations for FY2017-FY2018.

(Sec. 12) It prohibits construing this Act to limit international information sharing or law enforcement cooperation pursuant to any authority of DOJ, DHS, or any other department or agency.

https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/515

 

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